QUOTE (dvandorn @ Oct 7 2005, 01:17 AM)
I know that the crew of Gemini 12 was supposed to observe a solar eclipse from orbit in November, 1966. My memory of the acytual event is fuzzy -- I *think* they were supposed to try to fly through the Moon's shadow and observe the eclipsed Sun from orbit, but this was abandoned when their Agena's Primary Propulsion System (PPS) showed signs of instability during orbital insertion and the crew was forbidden from using it. They needed that big engine to get into the right orbit to pass through the Moon's shadow.
However, I *think* they were able to observe and photograph the Moon's shadow on the face of the Earth.
It is possible that I have this wrong, that they were supposed to try to photograph the shadow upon the Earth but that the loss of the PPS meant that they weren't in the right place to do so. I just can't recall for certain which of these two scenarios was the one that played out.
-the other Doug
From the NSSDC database:
"During insertion of the GATV into orbit an anomaly was noted in the primary propulsion system, so the plan to use the GATV to lift the docked spacecraft into a higher orbit was abandoned.
"Instead, two phasing maneuvers using the GATV secondary propulsion system were accomplished to allow the spacecraft to rendezvous with the November 12 total eclipse over South America at about 9:20 a.m. EST with the crew taking pictures through the spacecraft windows."
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/Master...og?sc=1966-104AMore details here:
http://www.astronautix.com/flights/gemini12.htmAlthough the pilots missed the ride to high altitude, Lunney soon found something for them to do with their spare time. The flight plan had originally called for them to photograph a solar eclipse, if it did not conflict with the rest of the mission. This task fell by the wayside when the two-day launch delay - from 9 to 11 November - meant that the eclipse would occur during their high-altitude excursion. Canceling the main engine burn inspired two of the mission planners to thoughts of reinstating the eclipse photography. Schneider and Lunney conferred with James R. Bates, Experiments Advisory Officer for Gemini XII, on the effect this might have on the rest of the experiments. Since the flight plan had to be changed anyway, Bates said, why not include the eclipse?
This conference with Bates marked a significant change in mission control operations. Formerly working out of an adjacent staff support room, the experimenters' representative was now allowed by the engineers in charge to operate as a part of the flight control team in the main control room. Although there had been an experiments console in the control room by Gemini X, it had been only occasionally manned. Bates, on Gemini XII, was the first full-time experiments officer. This experience worked out so well that the custom was continued in Apollo.
Even after the eclipse became a flight-plan casualty, planners continued to plot its path. Now there was a chance to work this experiment back into the mission. The Agena's secondary propulsion system had enough power to get the spacecraft into position for an eight-second photographic pass at the proper time. Schneider and Lunney agreed that this piece of realtime planning would give an added fillip to the mission.
"The eclipse got to us after all," Lovell remarked. "Yes, it looks like it," Conrad answered. Although the crew had wanted to do the experiment when it was first planned, these sudden preparations came at an inconvenient time. They were still working with the Agena and were scheduled to begin such activities as eating, sleeping, and working on other experiments.
An actual image of the Gemini 12 eclipse is here:
http://www.apolloexplorer.co.uk/photo/html/gt12/10074596.htm